大田金業讲故事：美国印地麦克银行倒闭案
提起2008年，谈到美国，大家一定会想到最终席卷全球的美国金融危机，这是金融界最昏暗的日子之一。在这年，美国印地麦克银行“不甘示弱”，一鼓作气创造了几个惊人的数字，仅仅11天就被挤提13亿美元，得到了“美国历史上第二大规模倒闭银行”的“桂冠”。
印地麦克银行是美国最大的“Alt-A”贷款供应商之一。“Alt-A”贷款介于优质抵押贷款和次级别贷款二者之间，泛指向那些信用记录很好或不错，但缺少或完全没有固定收入、存款和资产等合法证明文件的人提供的贷款。这类抵押贷款被金融机构认为比次级贷款要安全些，主要依据是借款人的高评级可以在某种程度上抵消文件不全的不利因素，而事实是尽管“Alt-A”贷款的违约率总体上低于次级贷款，但潜在风险有时候要大于次级贷款，正是这种贷款为印地麦克银行危机的爆发埋下了伏笔。
2008年初，由于包括次级抵押住房贷款在内的信贷资产出现了大批坏账，印地麦克银行形成了大量亏损。2月时，印地麦克不得不报告了23年来的首个年度亏损，亏损了1.84亿美元，合每股2.27美元。公司只得暂停派发普通股股息以化解信贷危机的影响。严重的亏损制印地麦克银行出现流动性严重不足，这给印地麦克银行埋下了一个炸药包，如同引好了导线，只等待微弱的火光。
参议员舒默怎么也没想到他的一封信恰恰引燃了这根导线。2008年6月26日，他写信敦促银行监管机构采取措施，以防印地麦克银行倒闭。消息传出后，该行客户纷纷到银行提款引起挤兑，11天内竟然挤提13亿美元，最终导致了印地麦克银行的倒闭。
本文来源： 大田环球贵金属
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